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Friday, May 31, 2019

Bop Music in the 1950s Essay -- Music

The Bop BeatThe bebop revolution coincided with the birth of the Beat Generation. In a slightly unbalanced relationship, Beat writers very much m centenarianed their poetics and style after the playing of such jazz music. Jazz writers, such as Jack Kerouac and Allen Ginsberg, upheld their poetic ideals to the techniques of jazz musicians, such as rhythm, improvisation, and visit and response. The structure of creative writing underwent a change, as the importance of form equaled that of theme.Swing, the predecessor of bop, was big, sweet, and hot. The performers were big bands, fronted by a charismatic bandleader, yet the success of a piece depended mostly on the unity of the ensemble as a whole, rather than on the showcasing of prodigious individuals. The requisite instrument was the saxophone, which was often smooth and mellifluous. Songs were old favorites, or simple jazz standards, that had been arranged to suit a large ensemble. Swing bands played in large venues, such as bal lrooms, and to large audiences, who seized the luck to not just tap their toes, but to jump, jive, and wail. The swing era became the most popular form of jazz, as it catered to audiences as a form of social and interactive entertainment.So, bop can be seen as a reaction to the eventual sterilization and ubiquity of swing music. The first bop records were made by in 1944 by Coleman Hawkins experimenting with his swing band. Several individuals were instrumental in the propagation of this new form, such as Charlie Bird Parker (alto sax), Dizzy Gillespie (trumpet), Thelonious Monk (piano), Bud Powell (piano), Miles Davis (trumpet), and Charles Mingus (bass). The standard ensemble became a quintet, consisting of piano, bass, drums, reed instrument... ...ndiana University Press, 1991.Ginsberg, Allen. Howl and other poems. San Francisco City Lights Books, 1997._____________. Composed on the Tongue. Bolinas, Cal Grey Fox Press, 1980.Jones, Morley. Jazz. New York Simon and Schuster, 1980. Kerouac, Jack. Book of Blues. New York Penguin Books, 1995.___________. On the Road. New York Penguin Books, 1975.___________. The Essentials of off-the-cuff Prose. Casebook on the Beat. doubting Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 65-67.Podhoretz, Norman. The Know-Nothing Bohemians. Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 204.Tallman, Warren. Kerouacs Sound. Casebook on the Beat. Thomas Parkinson, ed. New York Thomas Y. Cromwell Company, 1961. 220-221.Waters, Kristen. Pandering to Publishers. Sequel. Vol. 10 (1998) 61.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

Virginia Woolf :: Biography Biographies Authors Writers Essays

Virginia Woolf Missing Works CitedThe Victorian time was a time of real rigid and strict lifestyles. In the 1900s at that place were special rules of conduct to be followed for everything. Victorian society required everyone to follow every protocol and nobody was excluded from these duties. Victorians and Edwardians believed that there should be no awkward silences or pauses during conversations, it was considered impolite. It was also believed that people should dress for dinner every night regardless of the presence of company. It was uncommon to express ones feelings or to hold an opinion or point of view other than the norm. These were among the many rules that made up the foundation of Victorian society. Virginia was born during the Victorian/Edwardian Era and lived under the iron fist of her father Leslie Stephen.Virginias mother died when she was young which left her father in charge of the household. He was a man who strongly believed in the customs of Victorian society a nd he insisted that they were followed to the letter. He enforced the required rules of conduct and behavior but Virginia found it all very oppressive. Virginia Woolf http//metalab.unc.edu/cheryb/women/Virginia-Woolf.html went through a lot of anguish throughout her life. She suffered numerous nervous breakdowns and never managed to lead a normal life. After her fathers death in 1904 she moved with her brothers and infant to Bloomsbury. She thought her fathers death was the end of tyranny. She also thought that the move from Kensington, where she lived before, to Bloomsbury, was the gulf between respectable, mummified humbug and life crude and impertinent perhaps, but animation The new generation wanted air, simplicity and light and the move was escape from the past and all its horrors(108). During the early 1900s Virginia and her siblings were comfortably settled in . One thorium evening her brother Thoby decided to start a ritual by inviting a few of his Cambridge friends hom e and thus began a circle of artistic and pagan group of friends. At first Virginia found them unusual but soon she joined in their lengthy conversations about art, poetry and culture. She was intrigued by their conversations which eventually took a different turn and soon they found themselves discussing topics such as religion, sexuality and other subjects that were considered taboo at the time. Thobys Thursday evening friends originally included Clive Bell, who Virginia thought was, a sort of mixture between Shelly and a sporting country squire(112).

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

The Spirit of the Romantic Period Essay examples -- Papers Wollstonecr

The Spirit of the Romantic Period The Romantic Period in English lit eonture was an era that brought forth profound literary rebellion. Romantics were truly rebels. They were in total defiance of the morals set by the movement known as the neoclassical period. The Romantics were besides idealists, who believed in change. These idealists wrote about the change they wanted, socially as well as politically. Nature, both human and natural, and childhood and social conditions were of the many themes literary artists of this time chose to focus on. Mary Wollst angiotensin-converting enzymecraft, William Blake, and William Wordsworth were among the literary artists who have done on the button this. In creating works much(prenominal) as, A Vindication of the Rights of Women, The Garden of Love, and She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways, one can see the spirit of this era is well depicted. Mary Wollstonecraft can be noted as the womens advocate of her day. In her Vindication, she proc laims that just as men, women have rights. For centuries women had very little or no rights at all. Women were treated as if they were mere objects of beauty and they were expected to yield to the every use up of man. The conduct and manners of women, in fact, evidently prove that their minds be not in a healthy state. In a sense, women have been brain washed. They are taught from the womb by their mothers that they are to only maintain their appearances and be sweet and submissive. They are taught to spend their time questioning for love because the only way to startle ahead is through marriage. Women never reach the realization that there is more to life.Women shouldnt feel inferior to men because they too are mortal beings. kind of of spending time on beauty and frailty, wom... ... when she ceased to be. No one cared that she existed. However, it made a difference to Wordsworth. Even if no one cared, he did and that made the difference.It appears as though Wordswo rth is describing the struggle of the lower class people to exist. One cannot live in loneliness and despair. Wordsworth seems to be revealing the callous attitude of society at that time.In composing their works, it is safe to assume that the Romantics shared a common interest. That interest was change. Mary Wollstonecraft, William Blake, and William Wordsworth are among the true rebels of their time. Through literary works such as A Vindication of the Rights of Women, The Garden of Love, and She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways, we can see that these literary artists took no boundaries in challenging standards set by the church, government, and society in general.

Purposes of Images and Imagery in Shakespeares Macbeth :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Purposes of Imagery in Macbeth The Shakespearean tragic drama Macbeth uses imagery to stisfy various needs in the play. This essay will get under ones skin the above premise, including exemplification and literary critical thought. In The Riverside Shakespeare Frank Kermode enlightens regarding the imagery of darkness in the play Macbeth is the last of the four great tragedies, and perhaps the darkest. Bradley began his study by pointing out that almost all the scenes which at once recur to the memory take place either at night or in some dark spot. That peculiar compression, pregnancy, energy, even violence, which distinguishes the verse is a further contribution to the plays preoccupation with the fears and tensions of darkness. (1307) Lily B. Campbell in her volume of criticism, Shakespeares Tragic Heroes Slaves of Passion, describes how the imagery contributes to the automatic teller machine of the play Macbeth is, however, not but a study of fear it is a study in fear. The sounds and images in the play combine to give the atmosphere of dread and fear. The incantation of the witches, the bell that tolls while Duncan dies, the cries of Duncan, the cries of the women as Lady Macbeth dies, the owl, the knocking at the gate, the wild horses that ate each other, the story, the quaking of the earth - all of these are the habitual accompaniments of the willfully fearful in literature. (238-39) A.C. Bradley in Shakespearean Tragedy comments on the dark imagery of the play The vision of the dagger, the murder of Duncan, the murder of Banquo, the sleep-walking of Lady Macbeth, all uprise in night scenes. The Witches dance in the thick air of a storm or, black and midnight hags, receive Macbeth in a cavern. The blackness of night is to the hero a thing of fear, even of horror and that which he feels becomes the spirit of the play. (307) L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth explains the supporting role which imagery plays in Macbeths descent into darkness To listen to the witches, it is suggested, is resembling eating the insane root, That takes the reason prisoner (I.iii.84-5) for Macbeth, in the moment of temptation, function, or intellectual activity, is smotherd in surmise and everywhere the imagery of darkness suggests not only the absence or withdrawal of light but - light thickens - the presence of something positively oppressive and impeding.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Theme of Disguise in Hamlet :: English Literature Essays

Deep within the scorching desert sands lurks a creature, moving cautiously into position as it readies itself for a strike upon its trusting prey. The prey detects a slight disturbance in the sand, but anticipating no danger, carries on about its normal activities. Then suddenly, the comfortable silence is broken by the onset of splashing sand followed by a short struggle. Before long the quietness returns to the sandy landscape, where everything seems to be the same as it was before, except that it is not. The lurking creature, a chameleon was hungry prior to the strike, but now is quite content. In this situation, it is obvious that the chameleon killed its prey, however, what is not so obvious is how the chameleon was able to touch that end. At first glance, the chameleon does not seem to possess a wide range of arsenals when compared with other creatures in the animal kingdom. Nonetheless, it does have one broker most others do not, and that is its ability to disguise and camo uflage itself in order to blend in with its surrounding environment. This characteristic is important to the survival of the chameleon as it serves a dual purpose with regard to offense (such as catching its prey) and defense (such as hiding from other predators). Similarly, just as a chameleon alters its outdoor(a) appearance in order to deceive its prey, so too do certain characters in William Shakespeares small town namely Hamlet, Claudius, and Polonius, who disguise their appearances, employ a variety of tactics to achieve a particular end. The characters in Hamlet modify their appearance by acting differently as a means of a defense mechanism as well as an offensive one. The theme in the play of Hamlet consists of many instances in which the external appearance of things appears to be true when in reality it is the opposite. Not surprisingly, the main character of the play Hamlet becomes the master of disguise and deception. Hamlet seeks revenge against Claudius abruptly af ter he learns of the Kings involvement in his fathers death, a murder most foul (Act I, Sc. 5, 27). The revenge by Hamlet will take some time to execute therefore Hamlet must devise a plan to divert attention away from himself. He does so by pretending to act in a mad manner such that his intended subjects (i.e. Claudius, Polonius, Gertrude, and Ophelia) will be completely unsuspecting.

The Theme of Disguise in Hamlet :: English Literature Essays

Deep within the scorching desert sands lurks a creature, moving cautiously into position as it readies itself for a strike upon its unsuspecting prey. The prey detects a slight disturbance in the sand, but anticipating no danger, carries on about its normal activities. Then suddenly, the comfortable silence is broken by the trespass of splashing sand followed by a short struggle. Before long the quietness returns to the sandy landscape, where everything seems to be the same as it was before, except that it is not. The lurking creature, a chameleon was hungry prior to the strike, but now is quite content. In this situation, it is obvious that the chameleon killed its prey, however, what is not so obvious is how the chameleon was able to achieve that end. At first glance, the chameleon does not seem to possess a wide range of arsenals when compared with other creatures in the animal kingdom. Nonetheless, it does have one element to the highest degree others do not, and that is its ability to disguise and camouflage itself in order to blend in with its surrounding environment. This characteristic is important to the survival of the chameleon as it serves a dual purpose with regard to offense (such as catching its prey) and defense (such as hiding from other predators). Similarly, just as a chameleon alters its international appearance in order to deceive its prey, so too do certain characters in William Shakespeares Hamlet namely Hamlet, Claudius, and Polonius, who disguise their appearances, using a variety of tactics to achieve a particular end. The characters in Hamlet modify their appearance by acting differently as a substance of a defense mechanism as well as an offensive one. The theme in the play of Hamlet consists of many instances in which the external appearance of things appears to be true when in reality it is the opposite. Not surprisingly, the main character of the play Hamlet becomes the master of disguise and deception. Hamlet seeks revenge against Claudius shortly afterward he learns of the Kings involvement in his fathers death, a murder most foul (Act I, Sc. 5, 27). The revenge by Hamlet leave alone take some time to execute therefore Hamlet must devise a plan to divert attention away from himself. He does so by pretending to act in a mad manner such that his intended subjects (i.e. Claudius, Polonius, Gertrude, and Ophelia) will be completely unsuspecting.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Textile-and-Clothing-Report India

The Textile exertion and Related Sector in India Source New Cloth Market The Textile Industry and Related Sector in India Source New Cloth Market This food market research study on Textiles and link up sectors in India has been commissioned by Italian Trade Commission (Trade Promotion Section of the Consulate General of Italy), Mumbai, for which Ace Global Private Limited, a consultancy company based in New Delhi, has been appointed. The of import objectives of the market research atomic number 18 to carry out a detailed market analysis o the industry, in order to identify potential opportunities for Italian entrepreneurs interested in the Indian market.The scope of the market research covers the following reveal parts of the industry Textiles App atomic number 18l & Clothing Undergarments Home Textiles, and Accessories. The findings of the research atomic number 18 presented in the following sections. Market Characteristics The Textile Industry in India is one of the ast ronomicalst and almost important industrial segments of the Indian economy accounting for over one twenty percent of the countrys industrial production. It provides employment to around 15 million people who excite helped produce one of the largest varieties of yarn, materials, cloths, turn and garments, home furnishings and new(prenominal) textile products in the world.Textiles industry, including related subsectors, is worth about Euros 38 meg of which domestic segment conciliates 65% while 35% comes from exports. The textiles segment accounts for 59% of the industry, with preen and other made ups constituting the balance. This industry also accounts for roughly 21 % of total employment in the country. Besides the textiles, apparels & clothing, the industry covers a wide range of home furnishings (bed linen, curtains and upholstery, floor coverings, kitchen linen, bath linen, and so forth and Accessories (including apparel accessories, like stoles, scarves, etc. , hard accessories like bags, wallets, fashion je vigorousery, time wear and eyewear etc. ). Market Size The total market size for the sub-sectors cover in this study is estimated at Euro 21. 7 billion in the year 200809 with textile clothing and garments having a major share of 93%. Home textiles and furnishings, and textile usage in accessories was insignificant with a collective share of less than 0. 5% of the total market.Textiles Apparel and Clothing Indias domestic market for apparel & clothing is currently worth Euro 20,219 million in 2008-09. It has registered a steady compounded annual festering rate (CAGA) of 13. 6% in the past 5 years. stack wise, apparel market has grown from 4. 8 billion units in 2004 to 5. 9 billion units in 2008-09 at a CAGA of 5. 3%. Apparel and Clothing is the sulfur largest retail category in India. Indias domestic market for apparels is currently worth over Euro 20 billion in 2008-09.It has registered a steady compounded annual appendage ate (CAGA) of 13. 6% in the past 5 years. Volume wise, apparel market has grown from 4. 8 billion units in 200405 to 5. 9 billion units in 2008-09 at a CAGA of 5. 3%. Undergarments The 70s witnessed the entry of undergarments in India when Peter Pan from Dawn Mills entered the market with lingerie styles of the West. The undergarment market bring forward proliferated and flourished in India significantly when international majors forayed in to Indian market in a big way since the onset of the 90s.Indias domestic market for undergarments is currently worth about Euro 1. 5 billion in 2008-09. It has grown at a CAGA of about 15% in the past three years. Volume wise, apparel market has grown from 914 million units in 2006-07 to 1. 05 billion units in 2008-09 at a CAGA of 7%. The total urban market for the home textiles in India in 2005-06 was estimated to be Euro 1. 45 billion. With a modest growth rate of about 14%, the market in 2008-09 is about Euros 2. 16 billion and is expected to bewilder Euros 3. 12 billion by 2011-12.The 2004-05 Volume (million units) Menswear Womens wpar Unisex apparel Kids wear Uniforms Total 1,328 1,368 466 1,222 423 4,807 Indias Apparel & Clothing Market 200607 think of, Volume (Euro (million Million) units) 4,450 3,856 1,014 1,836 991 12,147 1,443 1,523 519 1,323 , 498 5,306 Value (Euro Million) 5,605 5,106 1,461 2,333 1,461 15,966 2008-09 (estimates) Volume (million units) 1,600 1,676 579 1,468 581 5,905 Value (Euro Million) 6,938 6,414 1,816 2,975 2,077 20,219 market for home textiles is dominated by bed and bath linen, which have much han two third of the market share in value scathe. hit the hay linen alone has a market of about Euros 1. 19 billion according to the estimates. Apart from the home textile products given in the table below, the other articles included in the total market size are textile made-ups like wall hangings and other decorative home furnishing articles. Accessories Usage of textiles and fabrics in the Accessor ies sector is valued at approx. Euros 0. 28 -0. 30 billion in 200809, bf which bags alone account for 61 % and apparel accessories and other fashion accessories account for 39%.The most common fabrics used in accessories are cotton, denim, silk, wool and raxene. Given the wide variety of products, with production largely concentrated in the unorganized sector, no prescribed estimates for consumption of fabrics in accessories sector are available. on that pointfore for the purpose of this study, the market size has been estimate based on discussions with key players and industry bodies during the primary research, as presented below. Demand Drivers As stated in the preceding section, the market for textiles and related products has been consistently growing annually by 12% 15% for various sub-sectors.The key factors driving this contend are Demand Side factors With over 1. 1 billion people, India is the second most populous country in the world. In terms of the demographic window of opportunity, India is home to 17% of the worlds population. It is also one of the new-fashionedest countries in the world, with over 65% of the population below 35% years of age. The young generation of professionals, both men and women, form important consumer groups with elevated purchasing power.This buying group is more accepting in their plectron of products, looking for flavor that take on comfort, fitting, styling needs etc. This has resulted in a qualitative shift of consumers from low / economy range to pension and super premium range of products. Growing prosperity of middle class Indian corporate salaries have grown at 14% per annum, which is considered to be fastest globally. A large number of households are get added every year to the consuming class with growing income levels, resulting in increasing affluence of the upper middle and igh income strata. jibe to various studies, there were more than ccc million middle class people in India in 2007 with subs tantial available incomes. This number is expected to touch 600 million by 2010. There leave alone a sustained and increasing demand for various consumer products by this segment of population. The adjoin in urbanization and nuclear family structure, a growing number of better and employed women, media proliferation and growing consumerism, have all contributed to the growth of consumerism and organized retailing.The increasing working female-population has not only increased the income of households, but also changed the outlook of women towards their choice of clothing, home furnishings and its interiors. There is a tr ending of going with the seasonal tastes. Market Structure and Segmentation The market segmentation for various sub-sectors is on following bum Textile Apparels-and Clothing Segmentation by recitationr category Mens wear, Womens wear, Unisex apparel, Kids wear Segmentation by Use Formal, Casual, Traditional, Active sportswear, Uniforms Segmentation by Price Super premium, Premium, Medium, thriftiness and Low endUndergarments Segmentation by types of Suppliers Informal/Unorganized sector, Organized sector Segmentatfon by Price Super premium, Premium, Medium, Economy and Low end Home Textile Furnishings Segmentation by types of Suppliers Informal/Unorganized sector (70% share), Organized sector (30% share) Branded and Unbranded Segmentation by Use Bed linens, Curtains & Upholstery, Bath linen. Kitchen linen etc.Segmentation By Price Super premium, Premium, Medium, Economy and Low end Accessories Segmentation by Use Apparel accessories (scarves, stoles, shawls etc. ), Hard accessories (bags, belts etc. ), Packaging for jewellery, time, wear, eye wear etc. Segmentation by Price Super premium, Premium, Medium, Economy and Low end Changing face of consumer In spite of the economic meltdown in recent times, there has been a continuous and sustained shift in consumer demand pattern from basic necessities to spending on lifestyle produ cts and ervices continues, largely due to Higher Income Younger age profile increase literacy levels Higher adaptability to technology Increasing urbanization Changing role of women and children in the decision reservation process Increased demand for better shopping experience Impulsive purchase fashion among youngsters Changing fashion trends and increased alive(predicate)ness Catch up with International fashion styles Sustained growth of retail culture in the countryAccording to Central Statistical Organization, and Technopak, the retail market in India was about Euro 210 billion, and will cross Euro 440 billion in 2015, with organized retail growing at nearly 20% per year. The emergence of mall culture and rapid development of malls would act as a catalyst in this retail growth story. Due to the increase in the income levels of people and the push from the supply side of realty boom in this decade has created a housing boom in India.About 2. 5 million new homes ar e to be constructed to meet the demand of middle class and upper strata of income groups. Housing and Hospitality sectors are the major sectors, with huge demand for soft furnishings. As per estimates, the total shortfall of quality hotel rooms in India in all luxury, premium, economy and budget hotels is about 150,000. More than 40,000 hotel rooms are expected to come in top 10 metro cities by 2012.Supply Side Factors 1) Leading textile manufacturers are integrating their businesses vertically and have strong competencies in spinning, weaving and finishing. 2) There has been a significant improvement in the infrastructure related to textile machinery, transport and power which are hike augmenting production. Government of India has allocated substantial funds for infrastructure development through schemes like TUFS, and SITP, worker skill development trainings etc. 3) Lateral consolidation of players through native and inorganic growth domestically and internationally.Indian comp anies have acquired the global brands abroad in order to consolidate their global positioning and have established altogether owned foreign subsidiaries abroad 4) End of quota regime acting as a stimulus to further export growth. Assessment of Demand and Market emf in India The overall assessment of demand and market potential in various sub sectors, projected on the basis of past growth trends and industry expectations, is summarized in the table below. The total market is expected to increase from Euros 21. 7 billion in 200809 to Euro 29. billion by 2011-12, with overall compounded annual growth of 7. 89%. There are no authentic statistics available- on the production and the total market size of the home textile products and accessories, as no authorized data is compiled due to the unorganized and highly dispersed nature of sectors. The above estimates for home textile furnishings have been computed taking the overall average annual growth rates of domestic urban market (consi dered relevant for the foreign brands) as 15% for bath linen, 10% for kitchen linen, 12% for curtains, 15% for upholstery and 10% for other products.It should be noted that, above estimations is only for urban India, which is. Price Segmentation The scathe segmentation of the market is broadly in three categories The low end market Lower and economy (marginally improved product segment in relation to the lower category), solely deal driven, products are mostly unbranded and dominated by large number of regional and local anaesthetic manufacturers, and sold through small neighbourhood stores, The low and economy segment is growing in terms of volume and value and the industry is becoming more organized. The mid-range market This segment features medium range of products.Though primarily volume driven, this category caters to diverse sections of Indian consumers crosswise all regions, Its quality is by and large acceptable to all sections. The mid-market segment is characterized by the presence of regional and national players. The market is continuously expanding and becoming more and more militant in respect of quality and price. The high end market Exclusivity in product features such as high quality . tender materials, embellishments, design developments and above all branding of products for years make the products very special. Elitist categories of consumers pay for the products on demand.Mainly comprises of large Indian players and the foreign companies/international brands operate in the premium and super-premium product categories. Super-premium products are considered luxury products and marketed by top national and international giants. Illustrative prices for products in various price segments are provided in different Tables. Regional Characteristics of the Market The consumer behavior of a particular region which is economically not so developed is different as compared to developed ones. The consumers in the less developed region are unders tandably, more priceconscious.Always on the lookout for quality products, their guiding principle is value for money. A lower per capita income, in eastern region for example, compared to westboundern and northern India leads to a lower per capita purchasing power. Additionally, Delhi being centrally located and Mumbai, being the financial capital have received payoffs. The consumers who live in these cities are more exposed to latest product collections and are more familiar with design, quality and latest trendy fashion, as well as the luxury of greater choice. The relatively undeveloped regions offer several in-built advantages as well.Fashion contenders setting out to do businesses in these regions find to their advantage that the region has not been exploited commercially and is prone to competition. The market, therefore, offers much but it needs to be cultivated in an organized manner. Local ready accessibility of products also influences a consumer. The decision to stick to a particular available product/brand seems to govern the purchase decision than the rarely available choicest product. Logistics, whatchamacallum and easy availability are important considerations for a local consumer.Regional considerations, such as climatic conditions etc. , playa major role in so far as the purchase decision of apparels is concerned. For instance, a consumer in Northern region would spend more on woolen products than his counterpart in the west or south where the winter is much milder. In India, different states are known for their specific style of clothing, home furnishings etc. For example J is the wind state for embroidered bed covers whereas Rajasthan (Jaipur) is famous for block printed, tie & dye bed covers, with mirror work, appliques, and bright colors.The market also depends upon the production and raw materials and government policies and programmes in specific states. Although there is an increasing influence to western and contemporary designs, Indian industry is still greatly influenced by the traditional regional motifs, with the materials of satin mix, tapestry for drapes and til now cotton mixes with synthetics for the traditional look. Fabrics with bold prints and pastels are making a comeback. Polka dots and stripes, inspired by the retro, have made a comeback into the collections the world over. The gross revenue of textile roducts increase significantly during the festival seasons in India, by up to 40 50 percent. Regional and national festivals, (e. g. Diwali is one of the most important festivals in India during October/ November) are the time to buy new clothes, renovate home furnishings. Consumer Behavior and Preferences The Indian consumers are noted as among the most discerning consumers in the world with a high degree of value orientation. Even, luxury brands have to design a unique pricing strategy in order to get a footing in the Indian market. Indian consumers also have a high degree of family orientat ion.Brands with identities that support family values tend to be popular and are authoritative easily in the Indian market. Indian consumers are also associated with values of nurturing, care and affection. These values are far more dominant than values of ambition and achievement. Products, which communicate feelings and emotions gel with the Indian consumers. Different Segments of Indian Consumers Socialites These are the upper class who shops in specialty stores and own exclusive accessories, and have a imposing lifestyle. The Rich India has over 1 million rich households (income greater than Euro 8,000 per annum).These people are upwardly mobile. Some of them in this category are Double Income No Kids (DINK) households. They spend more on leisure and entertainment-activities than on future looking investments. The Conservatives These are the middle class population of India, who are very price conscious and demand more value for money. In addition to the above, the following segments are becoming progressively important in purchase of consumer products Working Women Working women with disposable incomes are the key factors for the growth of womens accessories.An Indian woman is no longer just a homemaker. She is willing to buy designer products and is ready to pay high premiums for the same. Youth With the increasing exposure to International fashion styles, the Indian youth is gaining more awareness and becoming style conscious. This segment believes in impulsive purchasing. There are certain common considerations for consumers regardless of locations. The consumers by and large are becoming increasingly more and more conscious of value of money. Price sensibility is a common concern.Purchase decisions of consumers anywhere are more guided a combination of demographic and psychometric factors, such as, disposable income, age-distribution, pattern of income distribution, quality of upbringing, aptitude, tastes and preferences and so on. These days, th e purchasing behaviors in India are greatly affected by the western tastes. The role of media, magazines, televisions have been increasing in making people aware about the new trends. There is a craze to own the best brands and designs among the people. The premium luxury brands are available only in the tier1 and tier2 cities hence making them a good market.Purchase Pattern of Textile Products Major findings of textile products based on All India consumer survey conducted by Textile Committee, Government of India, 2006-07 are presented as under In India man-made fabric among various textile materials sells the most. Sales of cotton come next in the order, while wool and silk constitute negligible percentage of total sales. Central, northern and western regions are the major consumers of man-made fabrics. Maximum consumption of cotton is reported from the eastern region. Consumption of cotton, in other regions is reportedly much less.This is an interesting revelation since India i s ranked third as a cotton producing country in the world. Brand preferences Brand grammatical construction is a stupendous task which involves high investment on production infrastructure, technology upgradation and enormous merchandizing. This has inspired lesser known medium sized players who are trying to establish their products in the market through Creation of brands. There is a strong indication that Indian market will have large a number of brands in near future in view of market expansion and increasing competition.Preference for particular apparel brands depends on soul tastes and preferences. However majority of Indian consumers look for certain common parameters like design, quality and above all merchandizing. Innovation in product design and fabric selection, are essential elements that add to value perception for a product. Sales discounts also tend to influence the purchase decisions of consumers provided the minimum parameters/ features are not compromised wit h. The Undergarments segment is characterized by well known national brands operational in the medium priced segment.Premium and super-premium product categories comprise branded products distinguished for exclusive product features operating at the high end of the market. Efficient logistics and supply chain management and media exposure have largely contributed to the popularity of these brands. Branding is a relatively new phenomenon in the Indian home textile furnishings market. In Accessories, the consumer demand . for premium product is on the rise. Style conscious customers with money look for variety. Consumer inclination for mix-n-match to build their crush is acting as a catalyst in the growth of accessories market.Factors Influencing Brand Preference Brand preference pattern of consumers depends upon a host of factors such as Combination of price, quality & fitting as major parameters of purchase decision for sensitive but smart consumers Track record of Indian manufa cturer/ study of foreign joint venture partner. Reputation of international companies The consumers place major emphasis on product quality. Price is another important consideration attracting customers to a particular shop/brand/ product. Pre and post sales services, parking facilities and ambience of the store or mall are the other major factors that attract local customers.Sales discounts also tend to influence the purchase decisions of consumers provided the minimum parameters/ features are not compromised with. In the selection of products, the consumers do not give automatic precedence to local brands over national or foreign brands. Value for money has become the over-riding consideration. Fabric, texture and color followed by proper fits and sizing weigh more importance to the local consumers rather than just easy availability of local brands on account of proximity.Degree of Elasticity of Demand of Local Consumers Considering that price snapshot depends to a large extent on the degree of competition among the manufacturers, the Lower and Economy segments of the market are usually price inelastic. These segments being highly competitive do not allow the manufacturers much leverage on price. Higher up along the value chain, the affordability or paying capacity of the consumer is higher. The mid-price segment becomes increasingly quality oriented and more diversified.Despite competitive pressure, the price in this segment keeps on rising and the demand becomes price elastic. In case of premium and super-premium product segments, where entire focus is on quality, style and brand value, the consumer is insensitive to change in price. As per the findings of retailer survey, even an increase of less than 5% in the price has an effect on low end / economy category products, while mid-end category is usually able to absorb a 5-10% price increase without a major adverse impact on the sales of a brand. Originally published in New Cloth Market February 2010

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Graphics page Essay

Whether they are interested in tennis, if they are a fan and what events or players would they like to visit if possible. (Interests) Whether or not the person is interested in purchasing such a product that I will be making, and if so why not? * Do they have any suggestions or preferences in what they would like to buy or view from this merchandise? Why is this? * Do they appreciate merchandise such as posters and banners to be colourful, jazzy, plain or dark? The persons coloured and style preferences perhaps.Do they prefer products to have lots of text information or do they not? If yes, what should the content be about? E. g. ) The product or the purpose? What sort of images and logos would they prefer to view on these pages, and in what backdrop? E. g. ) Artistic, photographic, computerized, etc what will create the best effects for people to appreciate it and be attracted to what it is aiming to the audience. What sort of advertisement methods would most attract them to the p roduct either to purchase it or to view it even?Information such as this provided in the questionnaire results will be very important for me to analyse and use when designing and making my merchandise. I will definitely need to consider it, otherwise there is no point in making these products in such ways that will not attract people, please them or catch their interest to follow the purpose of the poster. The reason for making something is for it to appeal to peoples preferences and the purpose of my tennis poster is to attract people to view it and realise the development of the state-of-the-art tennis stadium.The merchandise acts as examples of what they can purchase at this newly proposed stadium and helps to progress generally. Therefore, I will need to consider aspects such as colour, texture, size, special effects aswell as the type of imagery, content and textual styles I should use in order for it to be portrayed as worthwhile. Therefore the research is essential for this practical area of my project to be good and relevant.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

In What Ways Have Large Business Organizations Changed Essay

In what ways have large origin organizations changed in recent decades? Large business organizations have changed in recent decades in a few ways. Some of this ways atomic number 18 that are not always a conventional bureaucracy, they are more open and flexible, the technology used, and the political and economic trends are always changing. Plus there are others, but Im going to flourish on the one I had mentioned. In the past organizations had use a conventional bureaucracy approach (the pyramid), where it is a top-down flow. The upper level passenger vehicle would give instructions to be carried out, and the lower level workers would carry out the instructions. But now days it is a more open and flexible prepare to work where instructions are carried out by all members of the organization.And unlike the bureaucracy approach, the open and flexible approach gives the decision making to most or all members of the organization. There has defiantly been a significantly change in th e department of technology over the decades. The technology used in the past was files, records, telephones, and facsimile machines. Now we use computers, the Internet and Web, e-mails, and mobile devices. The connection to the Internet and the Web has even changed over the years since we started to use them. Instead of being a cool off passed organization and society that we once was we have quickened are pass to our now fast past world on the go at ever moment.The trends of delivery and politics play a role in the organizations environment, such as the outside factors of an organization that can affect the operation of business. This would accommodate the current events, available workforce, technology, and other organizations. And as the times change, the resources changes with it. Couple decades ago the times where uncorrupted for what it was, but now days, with the recession times are good for some and not good for others. The recent layoffs, foreclosures, and natural disa strous, in the past few years has not helped a lot, but we are coming sand together.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Quality Improvement Proposal Essay

Preventive measures to stop the spread of the infections is lacking tremendously in the black market and aim to provide safety for all affected roles health. The calculate conveyed to you is an effort to lower the expansion of the infections talked about above that bring chaos in a patients healing process. The main priorities that will service patients health and better their outcomes when it comes to their medical needs are detecting causes of the infections, resolutions as well as quality improvement steps. This second paragraph will cover infections received from hospitals.Infections that patients with weaker immune systems/who are sick tend to get as was stated earlier are TB (Tuberculosis), VRE (Vancomycin-resistant enterococcus), VAP (Ventilator Associated Pneumonia), C-diff (Clostridium difficile), UTI (Urinary Tract Infection), and MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus). VRE is described as an inherited altered stretch of enterococcus that was first created in humans who were exposed to an antibiotic called vancomycin (Hedman, 2010). VRE endurenot have an effect on people whose health is in good condition, but bottom of the inning be deadly to those whose immune systems are weakened.VRE is dispersed through indirect and direct contact. VAP is a contamination of iodins lungs that they picked up from a hospital visit or stay. (A. D. A. M. , 2011). In a typical healthy person, pneumonia is generally not deadly. Pneumonia received from a hospital can be deadly to a person with a weakened immune system, newborn, or the elderly, as it gets germs from the ventilation. C-diff is spore-foaming bacteria that are picked up through cells in commode that are tough to kill (Hedman, 2010). A person can receive C-dff also by consuming too many antibiotics.Spores in feces can expand onto the hands of people who have come into contact with another patient who has C-diff. C-diff spores can stay alive for several months and can be base in unclean pl aces, for example floors and bedpans (Hedman, 2010). UTI is received through perineal boot of patients, where there was not a proper mathematical function of cleaning methods. UTI is bladder ignition system and creates a burning feeling mostly when urinating (Hedman, 2010). Catheters can also cause UTIs if not taken care of properly are by beingness kept in too pertinacious.Lastly MRSA is an antibiotic-resistant infection that a lot of times is contracted from people that are hospitalized in other medical facilities for example, long care facilities (Hedman, Fuzy, & Rymer, 2010). It can also be transmitted by close physical contact with another person who has it or by touching nighthing that that infect individual has touched. This paragraph discusses some causes of infections contracted through a hospital. A huge cause of infections is improper sanitary actions and attire among patients.A prerequisite for hospital workers when they go into a patients room that has a contam inated person in it is to put on personal protective equipment for example, gloves, gown, goggles and a mask depending on how serious the patients infected illness is. There are health workers that think proper procedure is not necessary and that they cannot contract the infection through their work clothes or through them since they are healthy (Melissa, CNA instructor, personal communication, 2012). What they do not consider is the transferring of germs from patient to patient through staff transfer.Unfortunately they do not take into consideration the transfer of germs from one patient to another then to a health worker. Among reviewing CNAs at a long-term care facility, it was seen that some CNAs did not take off their gloves between giving perineal care of a patient after the patient used the bathroom and the CNA reached for the patients attire to put on the patient for that day. The CNA put every patient at risk of contracting the infection and the patients clothes could have became a source of C-diff.There are many cases similar to the one above where health workers are in a rush and do not action their job/skills that they have been taught fall offly. Health workers being in a rush also is due to shortage of staff. The CNAs at the long term facility discussed in this paragraph work a 91 ratio, which causes challenges for the health workers to accept quality care to the patients. This paragraph explains ways to prevent infections contracted from hospitals. The number one way to lower the spread of infections contracted through a hospital is correct sanitation customs.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), a federal official government agency has come up with guidelines in order to safeguard against the expansion of infections and diseases for patients and the workers (Hedman, 2010). It is mandatory for administrators of hospitals to write a disclosure policy to protect the workers from infections alike Hepatitis B and other infections and bad bacteria. Minimizing infections that the workers have can avail in stopping the spread of nosomical infections.The World Health Organization (WHO) explains that prevention of nosomical infections requires an integrated, monitored, programme (Ducel, Fabry & Nicole, 2002, p 30). The plan-do-check-act will benefit to minimize the nosomical infections and advance to a patients positive result. The following are steps for the pan-do-check-act first off develop a plan to help find the issue, secondly put together a group that will oversee the quality improvement proceedings, thirdly explain the procedure by creating some type of charts, and lastly choosing the correct proceedings to implement quality improvement.Every single one of those steps used will aid in minimizing the infections contracted from hospitals that are plaguing hospital environments (Buchbinder & Shanks, 2007). This program will make sure the correct methods for washing hands, wearing personal equipment to prot ect, and disinfect properly. The workers need to have sex their environment when it poses a risk of transmitting infections. When a staff member soils their clothes with anything like blood or any type of fluid that has heavy pathogens, it is a must to change their attire. (Ducel, 2002).another(prenominal) main requirement is to clean/sterilize equipment and instruments correctly to rid all pathogens. It is very essential to perform the correct steps and procedures during disinfecting and cleaning hospital rooms after each patient leaves. Ways to help reduce contracting infections from hospitals are by each worker following sanitary procedures as well. Lastly, this paragraph describes stakeholders that will be affected from the implementation of this design of marriage. Stakeholders that will be influenced by the proposal are the employer, providers, patients, and the payers.As long as osomical infections remain to be an agent in medical facilities then providers jeopardize losin g their bonuses, because of the rate of infections received from hospitals being high. The ones who are paying want providers to give quality health care to the patients without anything that causes more needed health care visits, and tests (Patient safety, 2005) the infections contracted from hospitals are placed under the scope of quality medical care and require a higher payout. The one the patient works for loses management time while the patient is not there. The one who is mainly affected from this proposal is the patient.Not only does the patient have to pay for their time at the hospital but also have to worry about an unwanted infection. From this proposal the patient will gain a better outcome, have less of a financial burden, and better health. The ones who pay and their provider will maintain their cartel of quality improved health care. The employer of the patient as well will retrieve normal production, because of their worker returning quickly. In conclusion, contrac ting infections from hospitals can be deadly to newborns, the elderly, and ones with weakened immune systems.One thing that will lower nosomical infections are health care staff taking the proper steps of sanitation. Another main source of giving patients a positive result is the plan-do-check-act plan of quality improvement. Most patients give trust to their medical providers. With that said it is feasible that a patient should be able to put trust in all his providers to see that he recovers fast with contracting no other infections.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Management of pressure ulcers in a high risk patient: a case study

1. IntroductionClinically, insistency ulcers ar defined as the lesions that are the result of localized tissue damage or cell death (generally necrosis), developed because of compel over a bony prominence.More commonaltyly, they are also k nonen as wedge sores or bedsores as they are mainly developed by unhurrieds that are bed-bound (Wake, 2010). Approximately, 3 million adults are affected by pressure ulcers and are n archaeozoic common in hospitalized perseverings (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). However, telling management and administer plans against pressure ulcers are still lacking. The role of nursing care is a fundamental aspect to pressure ulcer management, including its go alongion and intervention (Wake, 2010). In this case study report, I visited a diabetic patient as a district nurse for insulin administration and provide sustenance by assessing the patients put on the lineiness of developing pressure ulcers due to associated pathological and other ri trimess fa ctors.1.1. Purpose of the studyIn all health care settings, pressure ulcers stop one of the study issues. More so, pressure sores or pressure ulcers are associated with crucial cause for morbidity in the medical community. The main purpose of this patient visit was to provide healthcare support for patients who were at jeopardize of developing pressure ulcer. The healthcare support included the risk minimisation by doing risk assessment, therapeutic interventions, implications for bearingstyle changes including exercise and dietary habit. All these were targeted with the views of providing eonly assessment of pressure ulcers in gritty risk patients, and suggest therapeutic interventions for timely intercession of the condition.1.2.Patient historyThe patient was 75 years nonagenarian male, diabetic and paralysed due to recent stroke attack. He was completely bed bound and was on wheelchair. Further much, the patient was unworthy from placecer of the oesophagus. Since th e patient could not mobilize, his family members and carers used to transfer him from the bed to his wheelchair and wheelchair to his bed.1.3. Risk assessments of needs, vulnerabilities and strengths of the patientThe patient was chronically ill and had several complications associated with his conditions. Stroke attack had caused him paralysis and was uneffective to move. This had put him in significant risk of developing pressure ulcers. The patient was also diabetic. Diabetes causes slow healing of wounds that may lead to ulcer (Guo, et.al. 2010). In this patient, the combine of factors including diabetes and immobility had increased his risk of developing pressure ulcers. Other factors such as old age of the patient, cancer and dietary factors would trigger the development of these pressure sores. Cancer is a chronic disease that may cause severe debilitation and prolonged confinement to bed. Therefore, it is expected that patients with cancer are at significant risk of devel oping pressure ulcers (Walker, 2001). Diet may have a supporting role in the development of pressure ulcers. Although the role of nutrition in preventing the development of pressure ulcers is still debatable, it is obvious that patients who are malnourished are at risk of developing those (Doley, 2010). Thus, nutrition therapy could be central in minimising the risk of developing pressure ulcers. It was seen that the patient was clearly underweight due to his chronic health conditions. Overall, the following risk factors of the patient were considered while making his assessment. Based on these risk factors, care plans and suggestions were made to minimise the risk in the patient.Sensory factorThis factor was assessed in order to identify how well the patient can process sensory input from the scrape up, as well as how effectively he can communicate level of sensation. Since the assessment of skin is an important trend to identify patients risk of developing pressure ulcers, it wo uld ensure the degree of risk of pressure ulcer in this patient and hence, take measures to prevent them before complications arise.MoistureMoisture is another hallmark of pressure ulcers. Excess skin moisture puts patients at great risk of developing pressure ulcers. It is common that patients who are confined to bed produce more sweat. Thus, it is subscribe tod to evaluate what degree the skin is exposed to moisture.ActivityLack of occupation is one of major risk factors of developing pressure ulcers in bedbound patients. Continuous friction between the skin and bed mattress may result the development of pressure sores. Measuring the activity is another important parameter to predict the patients risk of pressure, irrespective of their degree of mobility. Patients who are unable to move need to be physically turned by healthcare staffs or family members at regular intervalsnourishmentAs mentioned earlier, although nutrition may not have direct effects on the patients risk of de veloping pressure ulcers, it may be affirmable that lack of required nutrients may increase its complications. It is thus important to evaluate what constitutes the usual chemical formula and amount of caloric intake in the patients.After evaluating the above risk factors in the patient, it was concluded that the patient was likely to develop pressure ulcers if timely interventions were not introduced. These would have direct effect in patients health. These ulcers influence the risk of bacterial and viral infections, which can become life threatening in chronically ill patients. In addition, there is a high rate of mortality associated with pressure ulcers. Mortality rate is high as 60% is describe in older patients with pressure ulcers within 1 year of hospital discharges (Lyder and Ayello, 2008).The patient in this case study could have weakened immune establishment due to his old age and illnesses such as cancer and diabetes. In immune-compromised patients, the risk of infec tions spreading into their neckcloth and other organs of the body are comfortably high. This may result blood poisoning and septicaemia. Both these conditions are very fatal and categorised as medical emergencies (Redelings, et.al. 2005).However, despite of several associated risk factors, the patient was provided with proper care and support by his carers and family members. He was regularly taken off from his bed with the support of wheelchair. More so, the patient was on medications to control his blood sugar. He was also supplemented with vitamin to strengthen his immunity. To conclude, patient although was receiving appropriate healthcare service, these were mainly therapeutics which included medications against the chronic illnesses which he had. Patient and family members were lacking suggestions and expert advice in regards to minimising the risk of pressure ulcers. It was also observed that the patient was provided with a normal bed and mattress that would further trigger the risk of developing sores.2. Interventions and referralsAfter evaluating the patients condition, as a district nurse, I provided the demonstration based interventions and referrals to the patient and his family members and carers as preventive approaches of pressure ulcers. Firstly, the patient was provided with a hospital bed with pressure relieving mattresses. This would attention minimise the friction between patients body and the bed and hence, reduce the risk of pressure ulcers. Moreover, this would provide support surfaces and help in pressure redistribution (Stannard, 2012). Several recommendations for skin care including the use of cold water instead of hot water, use of mild cleansing agents to minimise irritation and dryness of the skin and excessive moisture was suggested. The patient was also advised to avoid low humidity as it may promote scaling and dryness (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Further suggestion such as avoiding mechanical loading was given. This is conside red as one of the most effective preventive measures of pressure ulcers in hospitalized patients (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Thus, family members were advised to frequently turn and reposit the patient while in bed. It is essential that patient intake adequate levels of both macro and micronutrients to prevent complications of pressure ulcers. This patient was already supplemented with vitamins and minerals, so no action was taken. However, the patient was suggested to eat diet high in proteins, which are essential for wound-healing and overcome malnutrition.Management of wound is another key aspect in patients with pressure ulcers (Cooper, 2013). atmospheric pressure ulcers can be very painful and may require interventions with analgesics (Wake, 2010). However, this patient did not require analgesic treatment as the pain due to pressure ulcers was not very severe. Instead, focus was given on the preventative approaches in minimising the complications associated with pressure ulcers . Finally, the focus was given on the patient/carer fosterage in the management of pressure ulcers. Both patient and carers/family members were made aware about the risk factors of pressure ulcers. Also, they were educated and made aware on the most vulnerable sites of the body that are at risk of developing pressure ulcers. General training was also given on how to take care of skins and methods for pressure reduction. They were told about the severity of the condition and requested to seek medical advice if symptoms of pressure ulcers persist.3.Critical evaluation and evidence-based examination of outcomes of interventions and referralsThe interventions and referrals made for the patient in this case study were evidence based. Risk assessment was made considering the monetary standard pressure ulcer prediction tool, Braden Scale, by observing the six vital signs of pressure ulcers as explained earlier. This tool has allowed for the early prediction of pressure ulcers and thus in troduction of early interventions before the complications are developed (Sving, 2014).Classification of pressure ulcers is one of the best ways to predict its outcome. Pressure ulcers are classified into various stages (Lyder and Ayello, 2008). Stage I is determined by the presence of redness in the skin. In case if the redness in the skin is observed, nurses are required to make thorough skin inspection and advice patients about the preventive measures. Stage II is characterized by the loss of skin with the presence of blisters. In stage III loss of skin is quite thick however, not exposed to muscle or bone tissue. In this stage, there is a high risk of infections, so care should be given in personal hygiene (Sving, 2014). Also, patient should be suggested to include vitamins and minerals in the diet to prevent the possible risk of infection. In stage IV there may be an exposure to bone, tendon and muscle. This condition is considered as potentially dangerous, due to associated r isk of life threatening bacterial infections. In many cases, this may also require hospital admission to reduce further complications (Lyder and Ayello, 2008 Sving, 2014).To conclude, nurses are required to assess various stages of pressure ulcers and provide treatments and suggestions based on these stages. This is because different stages of pressure ulcers may require different treatment plans. Some could be minor and may be improved through general suggestions such as encouraging patients to move and involve in physical activities and maintaining healthy diet whereas some may require therapeutic interventions including the use of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections, dressing and cleaning of the wound and hospital admissions if complications are severe. (Wake, 2010).Ample evidence is now available on the intellectual of effective pressure ulcer treatments. Treatment strategies such as use of hospital bed, avoiding mechanical loading, and physical activity are now considere d as the standard form of treatments in pressure ulcers. These approaches not only reduce the risk of pressure ulcers, but are also beneficial in lowering its complications. Furthermore, the tie-in of pressure ulcers with other chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes and stroke are well understood. Thus, much attention is to be given while giving care to the patients who have these conditions. Educating patient and family members on the risk factors and management is another approach to pressure ulcer management as suggested by NICE guidelines (Wake, 2010)However, the available acquaintance on the evaluation of risk assessment of pressure seems insufficient. The evidence lacks support and requires further epidemiological research to understand risk factors of pressure ulcers in greater depth. Some of the interventions and their effectiveness including re-positioning and nutrition are still questionable. Further studies on the influence of different turning intervals on the de velopment of pressure ulcers need to be carried out. Similarly, what specific diet is suitable for pressure ulcer patients needs further clarification.Appendix1 Care plan of the patient Risk assessmentCare goalsInterventions and evaluations Patients needs and vulnerabilities old age, bed-bound, chronic diseases including cancer and diabetes, paralysed due to strokeTo identify the patients risk of developing pressure ulcersThe patient was provided with hospital bed, cushion for his wheelchair and family members were suggested to move the patient time to time Patients strength on proper medications, carers and family members providing the support, supplemented with vitamins and minerals to boost the immune functionTo build on the patients strengths and to meet his needsPatient was provided with full support from the family members. High protein diet was suggested as this may improve would-healing. Signs of complications, such as pain, bacterial and viral infections.To avoid complica tions associated with infections including blood poisoning and septicaemiaImmune booster such as vitamins and disinfectant creams to avoid infections.ReferencesCooper, K.L. 2013, Evidence-based prevention of pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit, Critical Care Nurse, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 57-66.Doley, J. 2010, Nutrition management of pressure ulcers, Nutrition in clinical practice official number of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 50-60.Guo, S and DiPietro, L.A, 2010. Journal of dental research. Factors Affecting harm Healing, vol. 89, no. 3, 219-229.Lyder, C.H and Ayello, E.A, 2008. Patient Safety and Quality An Evidence-Based Handbook for Nurses. Pressure Ulcers A Patient Safety Issue.Lyder, C.H, 2003. Clinicians corner. Pressure Ulcer Prevention and Management, vol. 289, no. 2, pp. 223-226.Lyder, C.H. 2006, Assessing risk and preventing pressure ulcers in patients with cancer, Seminars in oncology nursing, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 1 78-184.McInnes, E., Jammali-Blasi, A., Bell-Syer, S., Dumville, J. & Cullum, N. 2012, Preventing pressure ulcersAre pressure-redistributing support surfaces effectiveA Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis,International journal of nursing studies, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 345-359.Redelings, M.D., Lee, N.E. & Sorvillo, F. 2005, Pressure ulcers more lethal than we thought?, Advances in Skin & Wound Care, vol. 18, no. 7, pp. 367-372.Stannard, D. 2012, Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention, Journal of perianesthesia nursing official journal of the American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses / American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 341-342.Stechmiller, J.K. 2010, Understanding the role of nutrition and wound healing, Nutrition in clinical practice official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 61-68.Sving, E., Idvall, E., Hogberg, H. & Gunningberg, L. 2014, Factors contributing to evidence-based pr essure ulcer prevention. A cross-sectional study, International journal of nursing studies, vol. 51, no. 5, pp. 717-725.Wake, W.T. 2010, Pressure ulcers what clinicians need to know, The Permanente journal, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 56-60.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

L’Oreal of Paris: Bringing Class to Market with Plenitude Essay

LOreal has always used its Class to Market approach and used its high-end technologically original products to advertise its brand. It uses the Class to Market products to finance its research into newer technologically advanced products. The US Market is a very competitive market where all the companies gravel millions of dollars into advertising and other promotional events. The US market also has a lot of potential as the people are fashionable and have the capital to pay for the products that cosmetic companies make.The US market presents its own challenges people from across the world live in the US, for a cosmetic company this means that at that place are many skin tones, skin types etc. importantly, it also means that thither are different attitudes and perceptions about cosmetics, consumers income levels, consumers budget towards cosmetics. And this differs from state to state in the US. Community A maybe using a lot of cosmetics vs. Community B where people feel that cos metics are too fashionable and hence scorn using them but these opposing opinions like I mentioned also go along with subtle changes in perception amongst communities.Unlike Europe where it is easy to categorise people based on the country, in the US it is extremely difficult. There are companies that are doing it quite successfully but as the CEO mentioned, LOreal needs to figure out a couple of things before they can crack the US market. Their market share is stagnant and they are now competitiveness back however, what they need in the US is to identify which product go to what area the expensive products probably sell dampen on the east edge than the west?The moisturizers probably sell better in the colder parts of the country in a certain season compared to the cleansers which again probably sell better on the east coast as people generally (myth or reality? Only research can tell us) have more specie and care more about their looks. Social pressure is also another factor that will affect the way people use and spend gold on cosmetics. LOreal must also analyze what products to sell and which ones not to. It has hundreds of products and its very difficult to sell all of them successfully in each country. However, release with just 5 or 10 products isnt going to win the battle either.They should sell high-end products with big profit margins but they must know that there are other companies competing for the same dollars, so the product they sell must either be better or must be properly differentiated. change products in smasher parlors is a good idea in the US, however, they must first find out which parts of the US has more beauty parlors, where do customers get what type of treatments, and where do customers ask for specialized products vs. letting the beauty parlor decide for them. The level or research that goes into introducing products for the US has to be oftentimes deeper than the research they have done in Europe.They are basically bak ing on Europe to provide two-thirds of their revenues and profits. The company is focusing their resources on Europe, which is not a bad thing however, with competition getting successful int eh US it shows that there is a lot that LOreal is losing. LOreal is also losing on the lucrative southeastward Asia India and China market, there are 3 Billion people in that part of the world and less than 20% of their sales come from this region. With the money silken into China and India, people will eventually have more spending power which means they will spend more money on items of beauty and other personal care products.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Global Analysis

globalisation has been alludeing and changing countries economies, cultures, and politics. In this research, we Just focus on the impacts of globalisation on the economies of countries over the world. In term of economy, there atomic number 18 not borders mingled with countries. Laborers and goods are exchanged between countries, which leads to not only the competitions between corporations of countries, only similarly the competitions between laborers.Countries around the world gain a quite a little of opportunities as well as challenges when applying globalisation strategy. There are a lot of ways to define the terminology globalization. According to the book named International Management edition 8th (The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc, 2012- p. 6), globalization can be defined as the attend of social, political, economic, cultural, and technological integration among countries around the world. Globalization is also defined as the process of international integration arisin g from the interchange of world views, products, ideas, and other aspects of culture.The appearance of globalization creates many dislodges and challenges for many countries around the world. To clarify the importance of globalization as well as its impacts on the economies of countries around the world, we need to response and analyze the pursuance questions 1 . How has globalization changed competition in businesses? 2. How has globalization changed the trifle environment within companies? 3. How has globalization changed career opportunities for the current generation? 4. How can you take advantage of globalization in your career plans?To answer completely those questions and to analyze profoundly the results of globalization can help us clarify the impact of globalization on the countries economies and their laborers. How has globalization changed competition in businesses? A business with local laborers or with domestic technologies only creates local products and low reven ues. The appearance of the globalization in a business makes the laborers in that business become variable, and leads to the using of contrasted and modern technologies in operating that business.The using of foreign laborers giveing decrease the toll of producing. Therefore, the cost of a complete product will completely decrease. As we see, corporations not only argue by paying high salary for employees, but also compete in finding revolutionary and cheap laborer markets which are Asian markets, especially India, China, Bangladesh, Vietnam, etc. The proof of competing in business by exploiting foreign labor is the hiring Chinas workers of manufacturing apples devices. Apple Inc. Gains fight over other corporations by making use of China laborers.The laborers in China are very cheap and crowded. Therefore, Apple Inc. Can produce tons of its devices at very cheap prices. Another example is related to textile industry. Many big and famous fashion brands such as Tommy, Nautic al, Nikkei, or Aids make use of foreign textile corporations in India, Bangladesh or Vietnam. The using of foreign laborers of those famous brands also creates the competitiveness between hired textile corporations. That is the competitiveness of the salary, work condition, and insurance policies for employees between hired textile corporations.Globalization also creates the technological competitiveness between corporations. Nowadays, consumers are interested in online shopping because it is comfortable, cheap, and fast. Therefore, online retailers or sale corporations always improve their technologies to satisfy the demands of consumers. The development of technologies leads to the development of the consumers demands. More and more consumers around the world desire to shop internationally, and wherefore multinational retailers also develop their information systems to provide their customers with qualified products in timely manner.According to a consumer survey, ninety six pe rcent of responders say they shop online for convenience. 80 percent of them shop online for price, and eighty nine percent of them think that shopping online is easier than shopping in person. As we see, the demand of shopping online is so huge, therefore the competitiveness between domestic or overseas retailers is really stressful. As we know, there are any organizations related to globalization, such as World Trade institution (WTFO), Europe Union (ELI). The countries in those organizations are freely tariff to exchange products.Therefore corporations in those countries also compete to survive in the market. They create a new competitiveness, local corporations against foreign corporations. How has globalization changed the work environment within companies? Along with the change of competitive in businesses, globalization changes the work environment within companies. Globalization brings companies employees who come from many countries around the world. Those employees trai n different cultures, life styles and ethics. In multinational companies employees and managers have to find the common characters to work with each other.Managers will tone of voice a little difficult to announce a policy, or employees feel weird when they corporate with their colleagues. Those are challenges which managers and employees have to deal with while working in a multinational companies. Globalization also improves the condition of working in companies which locate in developing countries. For example, when some famous fashion corporations want to have textile corporations in Vietnam recess their clothes, those famous corporations always require textile corporations in Vietnam that the employees have to work in a cool place, or tasteful air.Employees have to be bought insurance, or employees have to be completely protected when disasters occur. As we can see, globalization partly develops the working place within companies. In addition, globalization changes some commo n behaviors of someone in companies. In multinational companies, there are employees coming from different backgrounds. Therefore, employees have to learn the difference of cultures f the other to have accurate behaviors, and to exclude discrimination or racist. There are a lot of things changed in workplace when globalization appears.They are the changes of work conditions, salaries, and behaviors of employees. How has globalization changed career opportunities for the current generation? When globalization appears, there are many challenges as well as opportunities for the current generation. Current generation will have many choices for their careers because there are a lot of companies around the world waiting for them. People who come from the U. S or Europe will easily get the Job from international companies cause they are well educated and really active.In Asia, current generation also has a great chance to pick their Jobs themselves because there are a lot of foreign compan ies investing in this continent. Especially in China, Vietnam, India, or Indonesia, young laborers have great opportunities to be admitted in multinational companies. Young laborers in Asia are patient, hard-working, and they often admit the low salary standard compared to the salary of laborers in the U. S. Therefore, multinational companies really interchangeable to hire Asian laborers. Because of that situation, some other young local laborers will be in trouble.They will be unemployed because of other cheap, good, and patient laborers. In short, globalization brings huge opportunities career for those who are active, quickly adopted, and qualified. It also makes some trouble for laborers who are not updated and well trained. How can you take advantage of globalization in your career plans? To be an international student, I think I am a quickly adopted person. Therefore globalization helps me have more chances to be admitted in multinational companies. I intend to work for an Am erican company. I think they need someone productive, and active like me.In addition, there are many U. S companies in Vietnam, and I believe that they need someone who has the experience in the U. S working styles and has the Asian background to adopt in Vietnam workplace. I think that globalization brings me a chance to work in multinational companies which locate in my country. I intend to work for a multinational company, and I really want to proceed it in my country. In my opinion, globalization helps me to proceed it. As we can see globalization has a great impact on the economy. It changes the competitive in business, the work environment, and impacts on current generation.Globalization is the good chance for developing countries to integrate in the world, and it is also the challenge for develop countries to compete against emerging markets of developing countries.

Monday, May 20, 2019

An Indigenous understanding of Reciprocity

Reciprocity is an underlying principle verbalized through stunned old societies. Outline and Illustrate the Importance of this fundamental plan In the economic, complaisant, phantasmal and policy-making spheres of aborigine life (refer to reciprocality In the index to Edwards 2005). The contrive reciprocalitys conjures up a feel cracking image of caring and sharing (Schwab 1995 8). However according to Peterson (1 993 861) there is a darker to a greater extent sinister side to this word when applied to natural Australians.He defines it as demand sharing kinda than reciprocity and he states hat Blurter J mavens (1 987 38) labels it tolerated theft. Peterson (1993 860) goes on to say that little giving Is purely altruistic because the giver might simply be protecting themselves from pay-back if they do non give, or be expecting some mutual benefit. Edwards (200476) espouses that white Australians disregarded the reciprocity of traditional territorial rights and see the code of mutuality in companionable relationships.They also failed to identify the privileges and responsibilities central to primaeval society base on relationship and reciprocity (Edwards 2004 24). In order to enter a discussion on reciprocity with regard to our natural nicety, It moldiness be looked at on two levels. First how reciprocity Is a central principle that has pervaded Aboriginal societies for millennia and secondly the impact that reciprocity with the Western culture has had on this autochthonal community, since the advent of Colonization.The Western way gener anyy requires the borrower to formulate a case of need, whereas the Aboriginal approach is dyed towards the giver having to explain why he screwnot give (Schwab 1 995 8). However there is an increasing erudition that mutual benefit worked better within the native community when Aboriginals were hunter gatherers than It seems to In todays welf argon society. Schwab (1995 epithet page) leans towards thi s realization in his discussion paper short titled The Calculus of Reciprocity, where iodin could stage the substance of calculus to be the study of changed mathematical.He outlines an accepted act of generations of give and take, to one that is gradually ever-changing to take and either delayed giving back or not at all. In the past the nourishment or other goods ere sh ard out until they were all gone (Schwab 1995 3-4) but Increasingly a conglomerate yet subtle calculus Is employed on a dally basis as Individuals judge which expenses (or gifts) require immediate attention and which can be deferred (Schwab, 1995 15). Reciprocity influences the political climate of Aboriginal society, particularly the law, which was, is now, and ever will be.According to Needing, Davis and Fox (1986 42) an Elder sums it up when he says the Aboriginal Law never changes, always stay same while conversely, Western law Is always changing. There Is an Interconnectedness of all things, an agelessn ess which bears witness that spoilt exists now, as it did before and that creation exists as an historical fact and also has resign currency and will into the future. In Colonial times, the principle of reciprocity was enigmatic to the Westerners and a constant solution of acrimony politically, legally and culturally.The Aboriginal philosophy of reciprocity encompassed the idea that if the isotropy of life was disturbed, there must be a corresponding action to repair the Imbalance and the status quo must be preserved central life and this essay will discuss the importance of reciprocity with regard to economic, political, social and eldritch spheres of Aboriginal life, although it is difficult to compartmentalize Aboriginal society due to its mixedity, as there is an overlap and interconnectedness in all things.The economy is interwoven with authorities, as social life is melded with spirituality. Pre Colonially, the c at oncept of reciprocity had ensured the survival of Ind igenous Australian pluralitys lifestyle as a distinct economic style for thousands of years (Sermons, H. 2005 70). In more recent mimes, colonial interference with its autocratic removal and relocation of key undivideds and whole groups resulted in nearly a complete collapse of the traditional Aboriginal economy.As hunting and gathering is no longer attainable for city dwellers, the concept of reciprocity becomes even more important, from an economic point of view, due to the nature of increase families all co-habiting in one small dwelling because of mutual obligation or reciprocity. According to metalworker (1991) household structure has to stretch to encompass the extra-household fiscal networks it now appeases. One must consider the concept of reciprocity or mutual benefit to obtain an takeing of domestic expenditure patterns.To better understand the impact of reciprocity on a single family, here is an example from the Lacuna community (Wallpaper throng), which is befor e long illustration of umteen Aboriginal communities (Sheathe, E 2005 151). This story illustrates how (poor) Aboriginal health is indisputably linked to their economic mooring and that reduced eating patterns (feast or famine Schwab 2004 5) are encouraged by the government welfare arrangement.Elizabeth and David are out shopping for their extended family,4 hen Emily approaches and asks for victuals explaining her welfare money has run out, she is given quite an a large amount of food. Elizabeth explains l like to shop Just before it closes, because there are fewer stack here In the mornings there are too galore(postnominal) hungry people waiting for you (Sheathe, E 2005 152). This means Elizabethan family will eat well for a few old age and then when the food runs out (earlier than intended because she has given some away) they will piddle to eat sparingly, or not at all, until the next welfare payment.At the same time David has been approached by Steve to use his gun and ammunition. David is reluctant to give up his gun fearing Steve will damage it, but willingly gives ammunition. David says All the time people want things from you. It is no good. Later Steve returns and gives David a very small proportion of his knock off (Sheathe, E 2005 1 53) this is representative of a refused reciprocation. Staves exchange is small because David did not share his gun. In the case of Emily, one can scoop up that if she has spent her welfare money before 1 1. 5 am on the day she receive it, then it is doubtful she will reciprocate Elizabethan gift NY time in the future, as Emily has demonstrated she is unable(p) to budget within her own economy. So, while reciprocation might rent worked pre-colonization, it can be seen that in the present welfare economy, it is no longer a system of reciprocation, but rather a system of development and abusing ones kin because reciprocation is seen as a right and seemingly no longer has to be repaid, unless the shame in volved in not paying back (especially if the individual has the means) has not changed (Schwab 2004 6).The substance abuser, or the wino still have to be leap outed by their kin but hey are an economic holy terror to the household and possibly provide no means of return of the traditional arrangements of reciprocity while advocating that Indigenous people accept more state so a sound economic base can be rebuilt for Aboriginal Communities. Both Elizabeth and Davits self-protectionist attitudes seem to reflect the modern interpretation of reciprocity, that it is their kins right to take, while sadly, they conceivably no longer expect them to repay in kind.Therefore the economy of this single household is skewed by having to support the immunity in general, instead of specifically their own family. In the past this would have been balanced out by equal trade-off, from Emily and Steve (or their immediate kin) but now days, due to issues such as alcoholism, homelessness, lack of r eading and substance abuse, true reciprocity is not as ubiquitous as it once was.A displaced aesthesis of entitlement on the part of the taker seems to be replacing the traditional sense of reciprocity and a certain wary numerate of the cost seems to be reflected in the givers calculus where the whole concept seems to be becoming a social burden Schwab 2004 8). Indeed, Peterson (1993) in his article Demand share Reciprocity and the Pressure for Generosity among Foragers asks the question why is there a positive enjoyment to share if sharing is commonly by taking rather than giving? (p. 861).When it comes to establishing the economic basis of a family, it becomes very difficult to measure their actual income due to people moving in and out of households, but Western society dictates that families meet eligibility criteria in order to answer for welfare. The ideology of traditional reciprocity is not taken into account ND Schwab (1995 16) suggests that politics, or policy makers accommodate rather than contravene these monetary instabilities and the ever changing family support arrangements. Western politics or law is chiefly not taken on board by Aboriginal society, or if it is, it is with reluctance and resentment.With this in mind, Schwab (2004 2) wrote his discussion paper The Calculus of Reciprocity to further a better concord of the principles of reciprocity in contemporary Aboriginal communities in the hope that it would better inform government policy makers, at a local, state and field level. There are two sets of politics (law) that the Aboriginal people must abide by. On the one hand there are the Politics and Law of Australia and then there are their own laws and politics as illustrated by The Dreaming, where explicit moral lessons transmit the ideology of didactic human mien (Schwab 2004 3).There is deconsecrate in Australia at the suggestion that certain individuals seek to impose elements of Shari law, but we turn a invention eye, or h ave a lack of understanding of Indigenous people carrying out their version of reciprocity when it comes to breaking their own laws. Some of the punishments imposed by Aboriginal Law include, death, spearing or other forms of tangible punishment (e. G. , burning the hair from the wrongdoers body), individual dueling with spears, boomerangs or fighting sticks, shaming, public ridicule, exclusion from the community or total exclusion (Australian Law Reform Commission ND 1).The code of reciprocity controls the mutual rights and kinship obligations of the individual and encompasses the cultural norm of payback for wrongdoing (Fryer-Smith, S 2002 2. 18). As well as an understanding that reciprocity means the sharing of tools and food, there is also a oral principle of reciprocity with its controvert forms encompassing retribution and revenge (Alkali and Johnson 1999, in Burbank 2006 7). Burbank (2006 7) stated that be killed, then reciprocity can be satisfied by the killing of another family member as due to the intricacies of kinship they are considered one and the same.This viewpoint would be considered barbaric in Western culture and would not be tolerated. As Edwards (2004 73) states, the person who breaks the law must serve the sentence and for another person to pay the penalty would not be Justified or even permitted in Western law. In indigenous province management, the politics of reciprocity ( surrounded by Western and Indigenous) should involve noesis and understanding but the white Australian man tries to impose his immensely different practices onto the Aboriginals who have been practicing successful land management for millennia.Disappointingly much of the thousands of years of Indigenous knowledge are often disregarded by Whitefishes (Baker, Davies, Young, 2001 158). To illustrate the disparity of understanding of the principles of reciprocity in Colonial times, Edwards (2004 73) outlines the anecdote where the Elder showed he settler a waterhole and then considered it a reciprocal action to later kill a sheep for food when the settler used the waterhole to water his flock.This Aboriginal would then be dealt with by the practice of law and the courts and he would be mystified as he could see no Justice in a system such as this where reciprocity did not play a part. In his law, laid rase by The Dreaming it would be sanctioned behavior to take the sheep as pay back for food for his clan. Western politics plays a part in the downfall of the concept of reciprocity, firstly by taking away the dignity of Indigenous people ho cannot reciprocate for their welfare payments in any quantitative way.Secondly because life has so drastically changed for the indigenous people since Colonization, they now find themselves stripped of their place and their land and instead find themselves in the undignified position of being passive welfare recipients. So many have fallen by the wayside and become victims of alcohol and substance abuse du e to their once well organized and purposeful life being ripped away. This has made them reliant on their relatives generosity, which leaves them no self-exaltation and minimal fiscal, physical or emotional resources to pay back with.Therefore the notion of reciprocity as a system of checks and balances to maintain social equilibrium (Bourne and Edwards, 1998, 100, p 106. In Fryer-Smith, S 2002 2. 18) is stymied for some. Traditionally social constancy has been maintained within the Aboriginal society because reciprocity has functioned as a means of equilibrium. Reciprocity has been important throughout all social and family relationships, where a complex system of kinship lines exists. This system relies heavily on the responsible and reciprocal participation of all members from the give-and-take of tools and hunting weapons, to the sharing of food.As one Elder explained Sharing Just a way of life for Aboriginal people, probably in our genes or something. Might be left over from the old days when we were hunters and that .. . All Aboriginal people know what its like to be hungry. We Just cant turn away someone who says hes hungry I guess white people have a hard time understanding that one (Schwab 1991 145), whereas Western society is built on capitalism, meaning that some of its central values are totally opposed to the tradition view of Aboriginal culture (Richardson J 2006 144). Moieties subtle and often invisible to some (Schwab 2004 3). Indigenous societies place emphasis on social identity and the obligations individuals have to conform to the expectations their society has mapped out for them, whereas in Western societies the emphasis is on the individual and the rights and freedoms of that individual and there is no expectation that people will conform (Edwards, 2004 52). Almost any behavior is accepted, as long as their actions do not misemploy others.Aboriginals believe there is a balance within ourselves that incorporates our social lives and o ur spiritual lives and to integrate ourselves into the ecology and consciousness of this oral, we need to intertwine these two worlds in our workaday existence (Lower 1991 49). The requirement of reciprocity underpins most aspects of spiritual life, including ritual, ceremony and the protection of sacred sites (Fryer-Smith, S 2002 2. 18). If one gives to the ancestors by way of ceremony, song, ritual and dance they reciprocate by giving the strength, power and knowledge of the spirits (Lower 1991 P 48).Likewise if one honors the kingdom, the earth will reciprocate with an abundant harvest. An Aboriginal had/has a responsibility to perform the rituals that released the creative rowers that abide in the land and if these rituals are not performed, great harm could chance the land. Even today, Aboriginal land management techniques rely on understanding the religious links between the Indigenous peoples and the land (Baker et al 2001 113). Western society puts its faith in science a nd technology, while guardianship an eye on the weather, to reap the finest harvest.They do not pray or perform religious run to interact with the land. Indigenous people believe the whole environment is formed by The Dreaming, there is a sense that all things partake in the sacredness of life. For millennia, Aboriginal people have co-existed with spiritual beings in their daily life. The essence of spirituality is present throughout the material world and through a cryptic sense of time Aboriginal People seamlessly connect with the Dreaming origins of their spiritual being (Edwards 2004 86).Aboriginal religion is bound up in The Dreaming and dictates that responsibility consists of acting in accordance with a few moral principles. For Aboriginal people, being deprived of their land means a deprivation of access to The Dreaming and the severing of a certain life-force which breaks the link with The Dreaming. It is this very real deprivation that has broken the spirit of many an Ab original person, passing them empty and heartsick (Triggering 1988 xv-xvii).Aboriginal people base their cl repoint to ownership of the land on their belief that the spiritual forces which shaped the land also created them and still inhabit this land today (Edwards 19). Rose (2004 42) points out that earth is the initial mother, the mother of everything. She goes on to say that all knowledge and all living beings in their renewal are ultimately born of earth. Non-indigenous Australians often countryside the significance of the land to Aboriginal people however The Aboriginal Land Rights and Native Title movements have increased awareness of this issue.As Rose (1987) says in her article cognizance and Responsibility in an Australian Aboriginal Religion, if people protect the land by burning, using the country, performing ceremonies to increase the bounty and by protecting the dangerous Dreaming sites so that no harm escapes, the land will repay them by reciprocal relationship that ensures the continuity of life for all involved, the land, humans, animals and the sic life (peg. 262). Partaking in this exchange of life will lead to balance for the land and its inhabitants. DRP.Pollinate in looking for after our Spirit (Pearce, M 2012) states that we have a duty of care to engage in reciprocity with the earth and to ensure that the environment we have inherited is left in the same, if not better condition, than when we got it. This is an warning philosophy, but unfortunately the greed of many non-indigenous ventures such as mining for minerals and gas in many traditional lands has caused an imbalance and to the eyes of the Indigenous peoples, many landscapes are now out of balance and the aim of cooperation has been pillaged.Non-indigenous ventures plunder the land and they take, but they do not reciprocate by giving anything back, although Western preservation laws are beginning to address this situation. As this essay has demonstrated, reciprocity is an ec onomic means of survival and the Indigenous political system is built on the presumption of reciprocity, while the Australian Judicial system has been influenced by Aboriginal philosophy. Such documents as Aboriginal Customary Laws and Sentencing, Aboriginal Customary Laws and the Notion of Punishment by the Australian Law Reform Commission, (ND) and theAboriginal Bench book for Western Australia Courts (2002) by Fryer Smith have been distributed to foster an understanding of the concept of reciprocity that Aboriginal life is founded on. Society is based on complex kinship lines where reciprocity is expected and accepted but is open to exploitation as demonstrated by those abusing the passive welfare system and who no longer honor the traditional social norms. A fulfilling spiritual life revolves around maintaining relations with the Dreaming Spirits.